An eco-epidemiological model supporting rational disease management of Xylella fastidiosa. An application to the outbreak in Apulia (Italy)

Knowledge on the dynamics of Xylella fastidiosa infection is an essential element for the effective management ofnew foci. In this study, we propose an Eco-epidemiological Model (XEM) describing the infection dynamics ofX. fastidiosa outbreaks. XEM can be applied to design disease management strategies and compare their level ofefficacy. XEM is a spatial explicit mechanistic model for short-range spread of X. fastidiosa considering: i) thegrowth of the bacterium in the host plant, ii) the acquisition of the pathogen by the vector and its transmission tohost plants, iii) the vector population dynamics, iv) the dispersal of the vector. The model is parametrized basedon data acquired on the spread of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca in olive groves in the Apulia region. Four epidemiologicalscenarios were considered combining host susceptibility and vector abundance. Eight managementstrategies were compared testing several levels of vector control efficacy, plant cutting radius, time to detectionand intervention. Simulation results showed that the abundance of the vector is the key factor determining thespread rate of the pathogen. Vector control efficacy and time to detection and intervention emerged as the keyfactors for an effective eradication strategy. XEM proved to be a suitable tool to support decision making for thedrafting and management of emergency plans related to new outbreaks.