Establishment of Direct Organogenesis Protocol for Arachis hypogaea cv. Virginia in Liquid Medium by Temporary Immersion System (TIS)

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are a rich source of herbal oil, proteins, minerals, vitamins, fibers, essential amino acids, as well as bioactive compounds, and are thus widely used for human nutrition and animal feed, and for prevention from certain diseases. However, the in vitro regeneration response of the species is generally low, and it also displays a significant variability among its varieties. Thus, the development of advanced protocols and approaches for the in vitro propagation of peanut is still of immense importance. A recently developed in vitro propagation technique, TIS; Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System, provides a new approach for the mass propagation of plants. Accordingly, the present study provides an efficient de novo regeneration protocol for Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Virginia by using a TIS. Different concentrations of cytokinins, i.e., benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ), were tested with several combinations of dry and medium immersion periods of TIS, corresponding to a total of 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 48, 64, 72, and 96 min daily immersions for the induction of direct organogenesis. The study exhibited that an MS medium added to 110 µM BA or 10 µM TDZ are the most appropriate medium formulations in TIS, when applied for 16 min every 16 h. The application of optimized procedures to cv. NC7 and two valuable Turkish autochthonous varieties, 7 × 77 and Com74, is also reported. To the best of our knowledge, the present study draws attention also for being the first study in which a TIS was used for peanuts.