Tacle is a new triploid citrus hybrid developed in Sicily using traditional, strictly non-GMO techniques. Both its name and flavour recall the two parents' cultivars: the Tarocco orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) and the Monreal Clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex Tan.). Tacle gained increasing interest due to its antioxidant and biological properties [2]. This work is shaped on a metabolomic and lipidomic study of tacle juice using high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity and the total content of flavonoids, polyphenols and b-carotene in the juice were investigated with UV-Visible spectroscopy. Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, in combination with diafiltration (DF), were employed to recover and purify bioactive compounds from the raw juice [3]. Retentate and permeate samples were analysed by NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. Using block-scaling pretreatment, a low-level data fusion was performed in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which allowed the evaluation of membrane processes' impact from a metabolomic perspective. In the PCA score plot of the studied UF/DF samples, PC1 described 59.9% data variation, while PC2 accounted for 33.5% of the total subset variance. UF/DF samples were separated into five clusters with no notable outliers, and the joint interpretation of the PCA score plot and loading plot showed that the UF process did not change the metabolic composition of the juice, contrary to the DF which led to a retentate stream purified in b-carotene. Moreover, in the PCA biplot of the studied NF samples, 91.6% of the total variance was explained by two principal components (PCs). NF fractions were positioned in different regions of the biplot with NF retentates in the same second quadrant, as being characterized by a close metabolite profile, mainly in terms of polyphenols, flavonoids, and TAA, thus confirming that, under the selected operating conditions, NF is suitable for enriching the clarified tacle juice in bioactive compounds.
Comprehensive metabolic overview of Citrus Tacle juice and its membrane fractions based on NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic data combined with PCA
C Conidi;A Cassano
2023
Abstract
Tacle is a new triploid citrus hybrid developed in Sicily using traditional, strictly non-GMO techniques. Both its name and flavour recall the two parents' cultivars: the Tarocco orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) and the Monreal Clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex Tan.). Tacle gained increasing interest due to its antioxidant and biological properties [2]. This work is shaped on a metabolomic and lipidomic study of tacle juice using high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity and the total content of flavonoids, polyphenols and b-carotene in the juice were investigated with UV-Visible spectroscopy. Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, in combination with diafiltration (DF), were employed to recover and purify bioactive compounds from the raw juice [3]. Retentate and permeate samples were analysed by NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. Using block-scaling pretreatment, a low-level data fusion was performed in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which allowed the evaluation of membrane processes' impact from a metabolomic perspective. In the PCA score plot of the studied UF/DF samples, PC1 described 59.9% data variation, while PC2 accounted for 33.5% of the total subset variance. UF/DF samples were separated into five clusters with no notable outliers, and the joint interpretation of the PCA score plot and loading plot showed that the UF process did not change the metabolic composition of the juice, contrary to the DF which led to a retentate stream purified in b-carotene. Moreover, in the PCA biplot of the studied NF samples, 91.6% of the total variance was explained by two principal components (PCs). NF fractions were positioned in different regions of the biplot with NF retentates in the same second quadrant, as being characterized by a close metabolite profile, mainly in terms of polyphenols, flavonoids, and TAA, thus confirming that, under the selected operating conditions, NF is suitable for enriching the clarified tacle juice in bioactive compounds.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
