SAR Azimuth Cutoff to Estimate Wind Speed under High Wind Regimes

In this study, the azimuth cutoff method, typically used for SAR moderate wind speed estimation purposes, is analyzed under high wind regimes. Firstly, the importance of the pixel spacing, the size of the boxes selected for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image partitioning and the image texture in terms of homogeneities are discussed by considering their influence on the azimuth cutoff (λc) estimation. Secondly, a quality control analysis of the reliability of λc is carried out by evaluating the distance between the autocorrelation functions (ACF) and their correspondent fittings. This analysis points out the importance of filtering out the unreliable and unfeasible λc values in order to improve the wind speed estimation. The quality control procedure is based on a x2 test, applied on a large Sentinel1A dataset. The soundness of the test is verified by an increment in terms of correlation between λc estimations and wind speed values. This approach is, then, applied under high wind regimes, i.e., tropical cyclones.