1H, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR as suitable tool to characterize volcanic tuffs and assess their suitability for industrial applications

The type and quality of the information provided by the direct analysis of volcanic tuffs by 1H, 29Si, and 27Al NMR were investigated. At this aim, five tuffs, characterized by different origin, bonding mechanism, and clast composition, were used as test materials. Results consistent with the different nature of the tuff matrix and mineral composition were obtained. While the relative content of Al in the crystal and amorphous phase was determined by 27Al MAS and 3Q MAS NMR, the prevalent glassy or zeolitic nature of the matrix was assessed by 29Si and 1H MAS NMR. Zeolites present at levels as low as 15% w/w were detected by 29SiMAS NMR, and in some tuffs, identification of their framework type was performed together with the determination of the Si/Al ratio and, for the first time, of their configurational entropy. Data obtained were coherent with those provided by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), cation exchange capacity (CEC) determinations, and scanning electron microscopy, used in both backscattering imaging mode (SEM) and for elemental analysis (SEM-EDS). Results show that, under favorable conditions, solid state NMR techniques can provide a comprehensive view of the chemical and physicochemical behavior of a tuff. A combined use of thesetechniques is suitable for characterization of tuffs on a routine basis, and can be particularly useful to decide if a material is suitable for industrial applications.