Lab-scale optimization of co-composting agri-industrial effluents with biochar to reduce ammonia emissions and save water and energy

The activities focused on studying the process and evaluating the products obtained through "optimized composting" trials of problematic waste, such as livestock effluents, digestates and olive mill waste. Composting was carried out using a lab-scale pilot plant named COMPOSTER. Moreover, the effectiveness of biochar in reducing ammonia emissions was tested: compared to an untreated control, biochar was added (5%) to the initial organic mixtures designed with a low C/N ratio to enhance their emission potential. The ammonia released was captured from the air drain system on a daily base, using tailor-made “acid traps”.