Limitations of Current Fetal Echocardiography Nomograms for 2D Measures: A Critical Overview and Analysis for Future Research

In the last few years, multiple authors have published normative data for fetal echocardiography.1-9 A few online calculators (e.g., parameterz.com) and mobile applications (e.g., BabyNorm),10 currently provide normal data and automatically generate Z scores for fetal echocardiography. However, these data are limited and their accuracy has been not been fully evaluated. The aim of this letter is to provide a brief overview and critique of published nomograms for fetal two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic measurements. We performed a systematic search in the National Library of Medicine for Medical Subject Headings and free text terms including fetal echocardiography, fetus, normal values, and nomograms