Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986, is the largest pre-Columbian city in Latin America located about 550 km north of Lima, along the northern coast of Peru. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the lack of intervention by the protection and supervisory authorities, local communities expanded agricultural and building activities beyond the permitted limits. Such uncontrolled and difficult-to-assess activities may pose a threat to the entire archaeological site. To estimate how the area surrounding thearchaeological site has changed because ofthe pandemic, a Land Cover/Land User classification and change detection analysis was performed on remote sensing data. Using the time series provided by satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), an assessment of environmental changes and urban growth was conducted over the period 2016-2022. The processingcarried out with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software wasimported into the GIS environment. The effects of the pandemic were assessed by analyzingthe following classification indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). After extrapolating the histograms of the NDVI, NDBI and NAI images, thematic maps were created for a more detailed study. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the NDVI and NDBI indexes. The NAI index was found to be a recognition index of the archaeological site elements.The results of the spectral analysis showed that there was no reduction in the archaeological area over the period 2016-2022.
Chan Chan, patrimonio UNESCO dal 1986,è la più grande città precolombiana dell'America Latinasituata a circa 550 km a nord di Lima, lungo la costa settentrionale del Perù. Durante la pandemia COVID-19, a causa della mancanza di interventi da parte delle autorità di tutela e vigilanza, le comunità locali hanno ampliato le attività agricole eedilizie oltre ilimiti consentiti. Taliattività incontrollatee difficilmente valutabilipossonorappresentare una minacciaper l'intero sitoarcheologico. Per stimarecome l'area circostante ilsito archeologicosia cambiata in seguito alla pandemia, èstataeffettuata unaclassificazione Land Cover/Land Usere un’analisi change detectionsudati di telerilevamento. Grazie alle serie temporali fornite dalle immagini satellitari (Sentinel-2),nel periodo 2016-2022, è stata condotta una valutazione dei cambiamenti ambientali e della crescita urbana.Sono stati importati in ambienteGIS le elaborazioni effettuate colsoftwareSentinel Application Platform (SNAP). Lavalutazione degli effetti della pandemiaè avvenuta attraverso l’analisi dei seguenti indici di classificazione: NormalizedDifference Vegetation Index (NDVI),Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI),Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). Estrapolati gli istogrammi delle immaginiNDVI, NDBI e NAI, sono state create delle mappe tematiche per uno studio più dettagliato. Una correlazione inversamente proporzionale si è riscontrata tra gli indici NDVI e NDBI. L’indice NAI è risultato essere un indice di riconoscimento degli elementi delsito archeologico.I risultati dell’analisi spettrale hanno dimostrato che non c’è stata alcuna riduzione dell’area archeologica nel periodo 2016-2022.
STIMA DEGLI EFFETTI DELLA PANDEMIA COVID-19 SULLE AREE ARCHEOLOGICHE ATTRAVERSO TECNICHE DI REMOTE SENSING: SITO UNESCO CHAN CHAN (PERÙ)
Colosi F.;Di Stefano S.;Malinverni E. S.;Pierdicca R.
2024
Abstract
Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986, is the largest pre-Columbian city in Latin America located about 550 km north of Lima, along the northern coast of Peru. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the lack of intervention by the protection and supervisory authorities, local communities expanded agricultural and building activities beyond the permitted limits. Such uncontrolled and difficult-to-assess activities may pose a threat to the entire archaeological site. To estimate how the area surrounding thearchaeological site has changed because ofthe pandemic, a Land Cover/Land User classification and change detection analysis was performed on remote sensing data. Using the time series provided by satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), an assessment of environmental changes and urban growth was conducted over the period 2016-2022. The processingcarried out with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software wasimported into the GIS environment. The effects of the pandemic were assessed by analyzingthe following classification indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). After extrapolating the histograms of the NDVI, NDBI and NAI images, thematic maps were created for a more detailed study. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the NDVI and NDBI indexes. The NAI index was found to be a recognition index of the archaeological site elements.The results of the spectral analysis showed that there was no reduction in the archaeological area over the period 2016-2022.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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