CONCEPT OF METABOTROPHINS: BEGINNING AND PROSPECTIVE GROWTH

Since 2003, we have been focusing on metabotrophic factors (MTF), collectively named metabotrophins (MTs) (from Greek me- tabole – “a change”, and trophe – “nutrition”, means “nutritious for metabolism”). These are signaling proteins which improve glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, also affect positively cardiovascular and cognitive functions. They derived from various tissues, we focused on those secreted by adipose and skeletal muscle tissue. Examples include NGF, BDNF, NT-3, FGF21, GDF11, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, visfatin, meteorin, sirtuin-2, Klotho, etc. The present review highlights the beginning and perspective growth of our concept of a pivotal role of MTs in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome) and neurometabolic diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis).