Sustainable Route in Preparation of Polymeric Membranes

Polymeric membranes are the most used separation media at industrial level, in biomedical, food, and water treatment fields, thanks to the easy preparation techniques, high flexibility, and low cost. Membrane separation has been recognized as a green sustainable process, the preparation route of polymeric membranes is still based on the use of toxic solvents and fossil-based polymers, which is not yet green and sustainable. Recently, an increasing number of research studies were reported, which referred to the possibility of producing polymeric membranes by using less-toxic solvents and biomaterials. This chapter is an overview of the polymeric membranes applied in desalination, water, and wastewater treatment, including biomaterials and the use of nontoxic solvents in membrane preparation. Finally, a cost analysis of polymeric membrane production comparing toxic and nontoxic solvents and the possibility of solvent recovery is also discussed.