Hyperspectral Pansharpening: Critical review, tools, and future perspectives

Hyperspectral (HS) pansharpening consists of fusing a high-resolution panchromatic (PAN) band and a low-resolution HS image to obtain a new image with high resolution in both the spatial and spectral domains. These remote sensing products are valuable for a wide range of applications, driving ever-growing research efforts. Nonetheless, results still do not meet application demands. In part, this comes from the technical complexity of the task: compared to multispectral (MS) pansharpening, many more bands are involved, in a spectral range only partially covered by the PAN component and with overwhelming noise. However, another major limiting factor is the absence of a comprehensive framework for the rapid development and accurate evaluation of new methods. This article attempts to address this issue. We started by designing a dataset large and diverse enough to allow reliable training (for data-driven methods) and testing of new methods. Then, we selected a set of state-of-the-art (SoTA) methods, following different approaches characterized by promising performance, and reimplemented them in a single PyTorch framework. Finally, we carried out a critical comparative analysis of all methods, using the most accredited quality indicators. The analysis highlights the main limitations of current solutions in terms of spectral/spatial quality and computational efficiency, and it suggests promising research directions. To ensure full reproducibility of the results and support future research, the framework (comprising methods and assessment codes and dataset setup procedures) is shared on https://github.com/matciotola/hyperspectral_pansharpening_toolbox , as a single Python-based reference benchmark toolbox.