Reconfigurable beam-steerable leaky-wave antenna loaded with metamaterial apertures using liquid crystal-based delay lines

An original liquid crystal (LC)-based substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna is proposed. Inside the SIW, there is an embedded stripline sandwiched between an LC pool and another dielectric slab. The antenna couples the guided quasi-TEM mode into free space through a periodic set of complementary electric inductive-capacitive (cELC) resonators. Simulation results show that the antenna performs fixed-frequency continuous beam steering of 52° from backward −28° to forward 24° at 25.85 GHz. This relatively wide beam scan angle is achieved by tuning the LC permittivity through an applied quasi-DC bias voltage to the stripline. Simulation results show that the antenna has high realized gain through the entire scanning range (less than 1 dB degradation), relatively wide bandwidth, and good tolerance to frequency drift and fabrication errors.