A review of the electric vehicle charging technology, impact on grid integration, policy consequences, challenges and future trends

The effectiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) in mitigating petrol emissions and diminishing reliance on oil for transportation is well recognized. The increasing popularity of EVs has resulted in a proportional increase in the number of charging stations, so significantly affecting the energy grid. In order to promote the general implementation of EVs worldwide, it is crucial to develop a strong charging infrastructure that can satisfy rural and urban areas, especially those that have an inconsistent or non-existent electrical grid. However, the incorporation of EVs into the power grid has posed several challenges in terms of power grid management, network planning, and safety. These issues stem from the rising demand for electricity, negative impacts on the quality of power, and higher power losses. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the infrastructure of EV charging stations, emphasizing the advantages and consequences associated with it. Moreover, it provides a review of the impact of EVs on the integration of power grids, as well as a thorough study of the standards and rules that regulate the operation of EV charging stations.