Editorial: Multidimensional interplay of early-life events, neuroactive steroids and sex in the development of psychopathology and psychiatric disorders, volume II

The first volume of the Research Topic titled ‘Multidimensional interaction of early life events, neuroactive steroids, and sex in the development of psychopathology and psychiatric disorders' has garnered an excellent response, resulting in the publication of numerous original articles and reviews. By the end of 2023, more than 23,000 readers have engaged with the content, and 5,124 downloads have been recorded. We believe that the considerable interest in this topic stems from a growing awareness that the origins of psychiatric disorders require a comprehensive examination of various factors, including sex/gender, substance use, and early-life adverse events. As emphasized in the first volume, beyond the polygenic risk of mental diseases, both preclinical and clinical studies have identified numerous environmental exposures contributing to the etiology of mental illnesses. More importantly, these early-life exposures shape the pathophysiological trajectory of major psychiatric disorders in a sex-dependent manner, underscoring the prominent role of sex hormones in the interplay between early-life events and mental health. Therefore, to achieve a profound understanding of the biological basis of psychiatric diseases and to pave the way for the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies, it is imperative to consider the contributions of sex and environmental factors in both clinical investigations and experimental models.