Two-stage assembly of patchy ellipses: From bent-core particles to liquid crystal analogs

We investigate the two-dimensional behavior of colloidal patchy ellipsoids specifically designed to follow a two-step assembly process from the monomer state to mesoscopic liquid-crystal phases via the formation of the so-called bent-core units at the intermediate stage. Our model comprises a binary mixture of ellipses interacting via the Gay-Berne potential and decorated by surface patches, with the binary components being mirror-image variants of each other—referred to as left-handed and right-handed ellipses according to the position of their patches. The surface patches are designed so as in the first stage of the assembly the monomers form bent-cores units, i.e., V-shaped dimers with a specific bent angle. The Gay-Berne interactions, which act between the ellipses, drive the dimers to subsequently form the characteristic phase observed in bent-core liquid crystals. We numerically investigate—by means of both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations—the described two-step process: we first optimize a target bent-core unit and then fully characterize its state diagram in temperature and density, defining the regions where the different liquid crystalline phases dominate.