Perspectives on multiparametric high-frequency impedance spectroscopy characterization of anatase TiO2 nanotubes with nanoelectrode array sensors

Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) are highly versatile materials for energy, sensing, environmental, and biomedical applications. This paper explores TiO2 nanotube characterization and electrical imaging by high-frequency impedance spectroscopy (HFIS) with nanoelectrode array sensors. HFIS offers promising alternatives to traditional methods to characterize nanoscale objects, as it detects distinctive electrical and morphological features. This work integrates: i) measurements with an advanced HFIS nanoelectrode array platform; ii) physics-based numerical simulations of the HFIS signal transduction mechanisms; iii) compact models for the estimation of geometrical and morphological parameters, to provide outlooks for the multiparametric characterization of single TiO2 nanotubes at the platform sensitivity and resolution limits.