Integrated optical pattern generation on thin-film lithium niobate with electro-optic modulators and phase-change material cells

Reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits enable high-bandwidth signal shaping with the prospect for scalability and compact footprint. Cointegration of electro-optical tunability with nonvolatile attenuation through functional materials allows for implementing photonic devices that operate on both phase and amplitude. Based on this approach, we propose an integrated photonic design for optical pattern generation deploying a continuous-wave laser and a single electrical function generator. We employ the nonvolatile and reconfigurable phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as a tunable attenuator for an integrated photonic circuit on the lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform. The GST can be switched between its amorphous and crystalline phases, leading to an optical contrast of ∼=18 dB. Combining this with integrated electro-optical modulators with a 4 GHz bandwidth in LNOI enables the generation of short optical pulses, based on the principles of inverse discrete Fourier transform.