Highly efficient bio-inorganic fabric coatings towards improved sustainability of the textile supply chain

Functional coatings for fabrics play a critical role in modern society by enhancing the performance and durability of textiles. These coatings provide protective properties such as water resistance, UV protection, stain repellency, and antimicrobial features, which are essential in industries like healthcare, wellness, as well as indoor/outdoor apparel. They may also contribute to sustainability of the textile supply chain by extending the lifespan of fabrics, reducing the need for frequent washing, and minimizing environmental impact. In addition, functional coatings enable the development of smart and high-technological textiles for a wide series of applications, including wearable electronics, still improving overall performance and quality of product-life through innovation in comfort, safety, and convenience. To make functional coatings for fabrics more sustainable, the shift to bio-inorganic raw materials is crucial. Using renewable resources like plant oils, starch, and cellulose can replace petroleum-derived chemicals, reducing environmental impact. These materials are water-based, biodegradable and offer a lower carbon footprint. Additionally, innovations in green chemistry can optimize production processes, minimizing waste and energy consumption. By enhancing the durability of bio-based coatings, fabrics can maintain their protective properties over time, reducing the need for frequent replacement. Collaboration between industries and research institutions can drive the development of bio-based polymers and nanomaterials, fostering sustainable textile production on a larger scale. This work outlines the creation of novel hybrid nanostructured materials through various chemical synthesis approaches, including combining bio-based polymers like alginate, chitosan, and cellulose with synthetic or blended polymers and functional nanomaterials (i.e. clays) or molecules. Ecofriendly and green synthesis methods, utilizing bio-based, natural, or waste-derived reactants, were also employed to produce more sustainable multifunctional hybrids or nanostructured textile coatings with tailor-made properties aligned with circular economy principles. Additionally, the chemical, physical, and morphological characteristics of all the precursors, materials, functional coatings, and treated textiles are discussed.