Influences of angler subsidies on the trophic ecology of European barbel Barbus barbus

European barbel Barbus barbus is a recreationally important riverine fish that is widely introduced outside of its natural range. Contemporary angling practises for B. barbus involve the use of baits based on marine fishmeal (MF). MF is isotopically distinct from freshwater prey via highly enriched δ 13 C and thus its dietary influence on B. barbus can be tested via differences in fractionation factors (Δ 13 C). Correspondingly, stable isotope data from 11 riverine B. barbus populations tested how their trophic ecology varied across populations according to MF from angling. Δ 13 C of fish with macroinvertebrate prey resources varied within and between populations (range 0.90–10.13‰) and indicated that, within populations, up to 71% of B. barbus had relatively high dietary contributions of MF. These contributions were significantly and positively related to fish length, with MF influences increasingly apparent as fish length increased. Population isotopic niche sizes increased as the dietary influence of MF in that population increased. These results indicated that whilst MF from angling can act as a strong trophic subsidy, its influence varies spatially and with fish length, with its use as a food resource by B. barbus generally involving dietary specializations of larger-bodied individuals.