Resource recovery from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes (BAs) have a considerable output flow. Beside secondary raw materials, base metals, and technology-concerned elements are potentially recoverable from BA flows on a national level. Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, and precious metals are conceivably promising at economic recovery but least handy to extract from the complex matrix. Combined separation, extraction, and recovery processes based on physical–mechanical methods, leaching, and others can be used in combination for efficient resource recovery from BA. Besides the relevance of metal recovery, successful urban mining strategies favor the reduction of the environmental impact, providing less dangerous leachates, more control over nanoparticle pollution, and high quality of posttreatment residues. This chapter describes traditional and advanced options for resource recovery from BA with an overview of the research trend on the matter and a local use case to understand the possibility of BA urban mining.