Investigating Spatiotemporal Variations of Suspended Particulate Matter and Turbidity in Lakes with Sentinel-2 Imagery: The Case of Varese Lake (Italy)

The primary emphasis of this investigation centres on the application of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to evaluate water quality indicators, with a focus on the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and turbidity. This analysis is based on optical models and is conducted within the context of Lake Varese. The research methodology encompasses the initial processing of satellite images utilizing ACOLITE software to perform atmospheric correction. The analysis of the results involves a detailed inspection of the spatial patterns and trends detected within the maps illustrating SPM concentration and turbidity. Furthermore, the study delves into the investigation of relationships between the derived parameters and local precipitation patterns in the region. In summary, the integration of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, atmospheric correction through ACOLITE, and the application of bio-optical models for assessing SPM concentration and turbidity has demonstrated effectiveness in the evaluation of water quality parameters within Lake Varese. The spatial distribution maps, temporal patterns, and correlation analyses yield valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of water quality in this lake. These findings enhance our comprehension of the ecological condition of Lake Varese and offer support for informed decision-making in the realm of water quality management.