Living Hubs in the INNO4CFIs Project. From Ground to Satellites to AI Applications: Integrating Advanced Technologies for Carbon Farming in Agroforestry

In the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, innovative carbon farming activities could play a prominent role in the sequestration of atmospheric CO2. By implementing state-of-the-art technological solutions, the EU-funded INNO4CFIs project will assess C tree sequestration in four Euro-pean agroforestry Living Hubs (LHs). For sustainable freshwater production in agroforestry systems, the performance of an IoT-supported desalination system (Mangrove Technology Platform, MTP) will be validated in the reference LH of Follonica (Grosseto, Italy). As an indicator of C sequestration, tree biomass accumulation will be monitored using a cutting-edge approach that integrates traditional tree allometric equations to satellite-and UAV drone-based remote sensing analyses. Ecophysiological measurements by sensors will characterize tree performances and functionality. All the physiological, agronomic, and car-bon accumulation data from the different agroforestry plantations will be directed to a decentralized data management that guarantees security measures and data traceability for end-users and stakeholders. Finally, advanced Artificial Intelli-gence (AI) methodologies will support the project in developing a peer-to-peer (P2P) carbon credit recommendation engine. Overall, INNO4CFIs will offer an advanced and unique analysis of AFS potential as a carbon offset strategy.