BPS2025 - Optimizing cancer therapy: Fractionated photodynamic NIR treatment with 3D-printed graphene/PLGA scaffolds for enhanced tumor control

Recent progress in near-infrared (NIR) therapy for cancer has been significantly enhanced by the introduction of fractionated irradiation protocols and the incorporation of graphene oxide/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (GO-PLGA) 3D scaffolds. This study offers a comprehensive comparison between fractionated and non-fractionated NIR radiation schedules, examining their impacts on tumor reduction, immune responses, and cell death mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that fractionated NIR treatment, combined with specially engineered GO-PLGA scaffolds, provides better control of tumor therapy, primarily inducing apoptosis, in contrast to the necrosis typically seen in single-session treatments. The multifunctional nature of these scaffolds, including their biocompatibility, drug-delivery capabilities, and enhanced photothermal effects, plays a crucial role in improving therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the research highlights the potential of these innovative biomaterials in precision oncology, focusing on their ability to accurately target tumor sites and prevent local recurrence following surgery. Extensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations emphasize the importance of personalized treatment plans and the standardization of photodynamic therapy protocols. By showcasing the significant therapeutic benefits of fractionated NIR over non-fractionated methods, the study strongly supports the clinical implementation of these cutting-edge technologies, advancing cancer treatment toward more precise and localized approaches.