Techno-economic-environmental assessment of green hydrogen production for selected countries in the Middle East

The present study elucidates an overarching outlook on green hydrogen generation in the Middle East region. The present study elucidates an overarching outlook on green hydrogen generation in the Middle East region. Under realistic long-term average meteorological conditions, a complete quantitative analysis is conducted to Under realistic long-term average meteorological conditions, a complete quantitative analysis is conducted to highlight the potential of renewable energy for green hydrogen production, considering the specific electricity highlight the potential of renewable energy for green hydrogen production, considering the specific electricity production, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), the specific hydrogen yield, the levelized cost of hydrogen production, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), the specific hydrogen yield, the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), water requirements, and the specific carbon dioxide mitigation. The results demonstrate that Egypt and (LCOH), water requirements, and the specific carbon dioxide mitigation. The results demonstrate that Egypt and Yemen have superior green hydrogen feasibility, indicating lower LCOE (10.51 and 12.12 USD/MWh) and LCOH Yemen have superior green hydrogen feasibility, indicating lower LCOE (10.51 and 12.12 USD/MWh) and LCOH (2.35 and 2.70 USD/kg), respectively, using solar resources. Relying on wind resources, Egypt and Oman provide (2.35 and 2.70 USD/kg), respectively, using solar resources. Relying on wind resources, Egypt and Oman provide considerable LCOH of 5.34 and 6.18 USD/kg, respectively. Egypt has potential annual specific hydrogen proconsiderable LCOH of 5.34 and 6.18 USD/kg, respectively. Egypt has potential annual specific hydrogen production and carbon mitigation of 7263 TonH2/km2 and 151,588 TonCO2/km2, respectively. Given the chronic duction and carbon mitigation of 7263 TonH2/km2 and 151,588 TonCO2/km2, respectively. Given the chronic water deficit in the Middle East, further exploration of the required water for electrolysis is explored. However, water deficit in the Middle East, further exploration of the required water for electrolysis is explored. However, the substantial water requirements pose a critical issue, particularly in water-stressed regions. Predicted LCOH by the substantial water requirements pose a critical issue, particularly in water-stressed regions. Predicted LCOH by 2050 could be quantified below 1 USD/kg using solar resources in the Middle East while depending on wind 2050 could be quantified below 1 USD/kg using solar resources in the Middle East while depending on wind resources is marginally competitive for Egypt and Oman compared to the prevailing costs of grey hydrogen. resources is marginally competitive for Egypt and Oman compared to the prevailing costs of grey hydrogen.