An IoT Platform for smart hydroponics: building blocks and open challenges

Hydroponics addresses inefficiencies in traditional soil-based farming by optimizing water, nutrients, and pesticide use. This method has the potential to boost crop yields and significantly reduce water consumption, tackling issues of inefficient irrigation and fertilization. This study presents the development of an IoT-based platform designed to optimize the management of smart hydroponic systems. The proposed platform facilitates real-time monitoring of key environmental parameters for hydroponic farming as well as automatic regulation of greenhouse conditions, such as temperature, humidity and nutrient levels. The platform leverages middleware software to ensure seamless communication and data management, enabling efficient decision-making processes. The primary aim of this work is to enhance the productivity and efficiency of hydroponic systems through a scalable and user-friendly solution by integrating different sensors and actuators that could be accessible through both web and mobile applications. The platform's open and flexible architecture supports the integration of advanced sensing technologies and artificial intelligence, contributing to the digitalization of agriculture and promoting environmental sustainability.