Numerical Evaluation of Optimal Tilt Angle for Energy Production and Minimum Shadowing for Bifacial Solar Modules

Bifacial modules are becoming increasingly important in the photovoltaic market, especially in utility-scale applications. The installation of such modules, however, requires a determination of the optimal height and tilt angle in order to maximize the bifacial gain. Another important quantity to take into account is the extension and the shape of the shadow cast by the module, as these can strongly influence the structure of traditional solar farms, namely the array spacing, as well as of more innovative solutions, such as agrivoltaic solar farms. We performed numerical simulation with a 3D model of a bifacial module to determine the optimal tilt angle and the shadow cast in different configurations.