Social dimensions of energy transition: HYSTORE project stakeholder insights

The global transition to low-carbon energy systems hinges on the adoption of technologies that are socially acceptable, technically feasible, and regionally relevant. This qualitative study, conducted within the EUfunded HYSTORE project, examines stakeholder perceptions of hybrid thermal energy storage (TES) and demand-side management (DSM) across demonstration sites in Spain, Austria, Sweden, and Ireland. Using twenty-three semi-structured interviews with policymakers, engineers, facility managers, and resident-users, the study explores economic, technical, and regulatory factors influencing adoption. The interviews followed a guide with predetermined topics, enabling structured inquiry while allowing interviewees to freely express concerns, raise new issues, and engage in meaningful dialogue. Thematic analysis reveals that around 70% of participants currently use energy storage — mainly hot-water tanks or batteries. Approximately 86% are familiar with TES, and 16 out of 23 believe TES systems are effective for improving energy management by reducing consumption and costs. Two-thirds of respondents identify photovoltaic panels as the most accessible low-carbon technology. Despite these favourable perceptions, stakeholders cite high upfront costs, limited awareness, integration complexity, and maintenance concerns as key barriers. This study provides a user-centred evidence base for the deployment of TES and DSM technologies, emphasising the need to reduce financial barriers, simplify system architectures, and enhance training and communication for installers and end-users. By grounding technical development in stakeholder experience, the research offers actionable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers working to scale sustainable energy solutions across diverse European contexts.