Arge scita (Mocsáry, 1880) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Argidae) is a monophagous species, first reported on almond trees in 2022 in several locations of the southern Salento area in Apulia, where the plants exhibited completely skeletonized leaves, reduced to only the midrib, appearing almost entirely defoliated. Previous reports of this hymenopteran have been sporadically recorded in various countries of Southeastern Europe and the Middle East, but economic damage to almond trees had never been reported before. To assess its presence, distribution, and damage intensity, a comprehensive monitoring activity was carried out from 2022 to 2024, starting from the southernmost area of Salento—where the pest was first detected—progressing northward toward Brindisi and Taranto. A total of about 300 sites were monitored (90 in 2022; 146 in 2023; 60 in 2024). Simultaneously, from 2023 to 2024, four sites were selected where yellow chromotropic traps were installed from March to October to investigate the adult population dynamics of the insect. Additionally, damage severity was assessed, and the first data on its biology and phenology were collected. Over the three-year observation period, a progressive expansion of sites infested by this pest was observed. In 2022, the affected area was limited to the province of Lecce (around 40 infested sites), but by 2023 and subsequently in 2024, the presence of this hymenopteran was recorded not only in southern but also in northern Lecce, extending to several localities in the provinces of Brindisi and Taranto. The infestation levels were extremely variable and associated with different susceptibility levels of the almond cultivars recorded in the monitored sites. Surveys conducted in 2023–2024 revealed a multivoltine behavior of A. scita, with the completion of four generations and overwintering in the pupal stage. In Salento, the area where this hymenopteran was first reported in Italy, there is, with few exceptions, no professional almond farming. Almond trees are mainly found scattered along roadsides, within olive groves, gardens, and vegetable plots; thus, the economic impact of this insect is currently considered negligible. Nevertheless, acquiring data on the behavior of this new pest is deemed essential, considering the possibility of its detection in other areas of Apulia where almond cultivation has significant economic relevance, and where targeted control measures may likely be needed.
Arge scita (Mocsáry, 1880) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Argidae) è una specie monofaga, segnalata per la prima volta su mandorlo nel 2022 in diverse località del Basso Salento in Puglia, in cui le piante presentavano foglie completamente scheletrizzate, ridotte alla sola presenza della nervatura mediana, fino ad apparire completamente defogliate. Precedenti segnalazioni di questo imenottero sono state occasionalmente rilevate in diversi Paesi dell’Europa sud-orientale e del Medio Oriente ma non erano mai stati riportati danni economici su mandorlo. Con lo scopo di valutare la sua presenza, diffusione ed intensità del danno a partire dall’estremo sud del territorio salentino, areale di primo rinvenimento del fitofago fino a salire verso Brindisi e Taranto, tra il 2022 e il 2024 è stata avviata un’intensa attività di monitoraggio, per un totale di circa 300 siti (90 nel 2022; 146 nel 2023; 60 nel 2024). Contemporaneamente tra il 2023 ed il 2024, sono stati selezionati 4 siti in cui, da marzo ad ottobre, sono state posizionate trappole cromotropiche gialle con lo scopo d’indagare l’andamento della popolazione adulta dell’insetto. Inoltre, è stata valutata la severità del danno e sono stati acquisiti i primi dati sulla sua biologia e fenologia. Nell’arco del triennio di osservazione è stato rilevato un progressivo avanzamento dei siti con infestazioni di questo fitofago; difatti mentre nel 2022 l’area interessata dalla presenza dell’insetto è stata circoscritta alla provincia di Lecce (circa 40 siti infestati) nel 2023 e successivamente nel 2024, la presenza di questo imenottero è stata riscontrata non solo a Sud ma anche a Nord di Lecce e estendendosi fino a diverse località delle provincie di Brindisi e Taranto , con livelli di infestazione estremamente variabili, ed associati a diversi livelli di suscettibilità delle cv di mandorlo rilevate nei siti monitorati. I rilievi condotti nel biennio 2023-2024 hanno permesso di osservare un comportamento polivoltino di A. scita e il completamento di quattro generazioni con svernamento allo stadio di pupa. In Salento, areale di prima segnalazione di questo imenottero in Italia, non è presente, se non in minima parte, una mandorlicoltura professionale ma solo piante di mandorlo sparse ai bordi delle strade, all’interno di oliveti, orti e giardini e quindi i danni economici determinati da questo insetto posso essere considerati trascurabili. L’acquisizione di dati sul comportamento di questo nuovo fitofago si ritengono in ogni caso fondamentali considerando la possibilità di nuovi rinvenimenti anche in aree della Puglia dove la mandorlicoltura riveste un’importanza economica rilevante, e dove con molta probabilità sarà necessario definire delle misure di controllo mirate.
Preliminary investigations on Arge scita (Argidae), a new pest of almond in Italy
Vincenzo Cavalieri;Donato Boscia;
2025
Abstract
Arge scita (Mocsáry, 1880) (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Argidae) is a monophagous species, first reported on almond trees in 2022 in several locations of the southern Salento area in Apulia, where the plants exhibited completely skeletonized leaves, reduced to only the midrib, appearing almost entirely defoliated. Previous reports of this hymenopteran have been sporadically recorded in various countries of Southeastern Europe and the Middle East, but economic damage to almond trees had never been reported before. To assess its presence, distribution, and damage intensity, a comprehensive monitoring activity was carried out from 2022 to 2024, starting from the southernmost area of Salento—where the pest was first detected—progressing northward toward Brindisi and Taranto. A total of about 300 sites were monitored (90 in 2022; 146 in 2023; 60 in 2024). Simultaneously, from 2023 to 2024, four sites were selected where yellow chromotropic traps were installed from March to October to investigate the adult population dynamics of the insect. Additionally, damage severity was assessed, and the first data on its biology and phenology were collected. Over the three-year observation period, a progressive expansion of sites infested by this pest was observed. In 2022, the affected area was limited to the province of Lecce (around 40 infested sites), but by 2023 and subsequently in 2024, the presence of this hymenopteran was recorded not only in southern but also in northern Lecce, extending to several localities in the provinces of Brindisi and Taranto. The infestation levels were extremely variable and associated with different susceptibility levels of the almond cultivars recorded in the monitored sites. Surveys conducted in 2023–2024 revealed a multivoltine behavior of A. scita, with the completion of four generations and overwintering in the pupal stage. In Salento, the area where this hymenopteran was first reported in Italy, there is, with few exceptions, no professional almond farming. Almond trees are mainly found scattered along roadsides, within olive groves, gardens, and vegetable plots; thus, the economic impact of this insect is currently considered negligible. Nevertheless, acquiring data on the behavior of this new pest is deemed essential, considering the possibility of its detection in other areas of Apulia where almond cultivation has significant economic relevance, and where targeted control measures may likely be needed.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


