Genetic regulation of IL-8 influences disease presentation of multiple sclerosis

Background: Individual genetic variability may influence the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). The interleukin (IL)-8C>T rs2227306 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) regulates IL-8 activity in other clinical conditions; however, its role in MS has never been investigated. Objectives: To explore the association between IL-8 SNP rs2227306, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8 concentrations, clinical, and radiological characteristics in a group of newly diagnosed MS patients. Methods: In 141 relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients, rs2227306 polymorphism, CSF levels of IL-8, clinical, and demographical characteristics were determined. In 50 patients, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures were also assessed. Results: An association between CSF IL-8 and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at diagnosis was found in our set of patients (r = 0.207, p = 0.014). CSF IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in patients carrying the T variant of rs2227306 (p = 0.004). In the same group, a positive correlation emerged between IL-8 and EDSS (r = 0.273, p = 0.019). Finally, a negative correlation between CSF levels of IL-8 and cortical thickness emerged in rs2227306T carriers (r = −0.498, p = 0.005). Conclusion: We describe for the first time a role of SNP rs2227306 of IL-8 gene in regulating the expression and the activity of this inflammatory cytokine in MS.