Dual use, ethical choices and key molecules in the history of Chemistry

The dual use of hazardous chemicals underscores the complex interplay between risk and benefit. Highly toxic or unstable chemicals, such as chlorine, ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene or fentanyl, are integral to various application domains, including industrial manufacturing, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medicine. Likewise, they also pose serious threats when misused. They can be repurposed for harmful activities, including criminal acts, terrorism or warfare. Stringent regulatory measures and ethical considerations are crucial to harness their potential, while safeguarding human health and the environment. In this delicate balance lies the true challenge and ethical responsibility of modern Chemistry.