Capturing violent and turbulent sloshing dynamics using SPH modelling

In this study, five different smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) models are used to test the capability of addressing the challenges of violent sloshing flows characterized by high free-surface fragmentation and turbulent behavior. A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework is adopted for all five models. The comparative analysis demonstrates the improved performances for the last model which adopts the combination of renormalized pressure gradient, particle shifting technique, and an adaptive numerical diffusive term added only on the continuity equation. This combination is labeled as delta-SPH and the main advantages include: (i) the resolution of small-scale turbulence, (ii) a more accurate assessment of sloshing energy dissipation, (iii) a reduction in volume conservation errors, and (iv) the absence of tensile instability, establishing it as a robust scheme for studying highly turbulent sloshing flows.