Salinirifamycins A–E: Rifamycin S Derivatives from the Brazilian Marine Actinomycete Salinispora arenicola

Five new rifamycin derivatives, named salinirifamycins A-E (1-5), were isolated from a Brazilian marine Salinispora arenicola (BRA-213) strain extract. The structures of the new rifamycins were elucidated using a combination of NMR, IR, UV, and MS spectroscopic techniques, quantum-chemical calculations (DFT-calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts and DP4+ probability analysis), and comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values ranging from 2.0 to 125.0 μg/mL, whereas 5 exhibited an MIC of 0.02 μg/mL to S. aureus, similar to the positive control rifampicin (MIC 0.03 μg/mL).