Analyzing Geomagnetic Data From the Dusheti Observatory During the Intense Magnetic Storms of 2024

Geomagnetic storms, intense disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, pose risks to both technology and human activity in space. In this study, we analyzed geomagnetic field measurements from the Dusheti Observatory in Georgia during the intense geomagnetic storms of March 3, March 24, and 11 May 2024. Using cross-correlation, wavelet coherence, and detrended fluctuation analysis, we investigated the relationship between the (Formula presented.) component of interplanetary magnetic field, dynamic pressure, plasma (Formula presented.) in the upstream solar wind, and the H-component of the geomagnetic field. Our results reveal significant correlations with (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.), characterized by distinct time lags of the order of 200 min, compatible with timescales observed in the literature. Wavelet coherence on both shorter and longer temporal scales revealed complex, multiscale characteristics of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling dynamics. Plasma (Formula presented.) showed an increase in coherence when a time shift is introduced, with maximal coherence for a shift of 12.5 hr, which may be related to the structure of the impinging coronal mass ejection and to the state of the magnetosphere. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis highlights regime changes in the Hurst exponent, indicating an increase in self-organization prior to storms. These findings emphasize the importance of localized studies in understanding the impacts of geomagnetic storms in Georgia.