Magnetic-responsive materials tailored to enhance the cascade of bone regeneration and immune response

Aging, diseases, or immunodeficiency’s can significantly impair the physiological regenerative process and the endogenous regenerative potential of bone tissue. Intensive research focuses on developing scaffolds that fill bone gaps while promoting cellular interaction and guiding tissue regeneration. Biomimicry is today widely acknowledged as a leading concept to develop novel approaches based on biomimetic materials to fabricate smart devices with advanced performance and multiple bio-functionalities. In the pursuit of designing smart devices for more efficient and personalized therapies, magnetic materials are eliciting growing interest due to the possibility of direct cell stimulation by magnetic fields or even for developing novel tools for the on-demand activation of implanted magnetic devices. There is a growing focus on understanding the impact of immune responses and the role of immunomodulators in the healing and regeneration of bone tissue. The relevance of biomimicry, immune and tissue responses to magnetic scaffolds and stimulation, alongside an examination of the limitations of existing bone substitutes in the market is highlighted. Biomimetic and magnetically activated scaffolds hold promise as innovative tools in addressing bone tissue diseases and promoting regeneration by effectively engaging in cellular and immunological responses.