Unveiling ancient polychromy in Pannonian sarcophagi from Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia). Context and materials.

In the course of investigating the stone provenance and workshop origins of Roman sepulchral monuments in Pannonia, our attention was drawn to traces of ancient polychromy. Notably, remnants of ancient coloration have been identified on sarcophagi discovered in and around Sremska Mitrovica, now housed in various European museums. Mostly produced in the 3rd century AD, during the zenith of Roman Sirmium, these sarcophagi are of considerable importance from multiple perspectives. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the material composition of these sarcophagi, which were crafted in known locations and finished by local artisans. By examining the similarities and differences in the materials and techniques employed, we aim to establish a foundation for understanding the painting methods and artistic styles utilised in their creation. Our long-term goal is to gain insights into the artists’ intentions and explore the aesthetics, symbolism and cultural values of ancient Sirmium, while drawing comparisons with those of other Roman centres, including Rome.