Since antiquity, humans have sought to “quantify” wind to understand its environmental and operational implications. Early solutions developed by the Babylonians and Greeks included polygonal compasses and weathervanes for estimating wind direction, while the Romans introduced portable anemoscopes. During the Middle Ages, weathervanes became widespread on bell towers. A conceptual advance occurred in the fteenth century with Alberti’s anemometer, later re ned by Leonardo da Vinci. In 1578, Danti’s ‘Anemographia established the foundations of modern anemometry. In the seventeenth century, Hooke introduced the rotating-blade anemometer; the eighteenth century saw the emergence of recording and pressure-based instruments. Robinson’s cup anemometer (1846), later optimized to a three-cup design, prevailed until the advent of electronic devices and today’s tridimensional ultrasonic anemometers.
Fin dall’antichità l’uomo ha tentato di “quanti care” il vento per comprenderne le implicazioni ambientali e operative. Le prime soluzioni, sviluppate da Babilonesi e Greci, comprendevano bussole poligonali e banderuole per stimarne la direzione, mentre i Romani introdussero anemoscopi portatili. Nel Medioevo le banderuole si diffusero come riferimento funzionale sui campanili. Un salto concettuale avvenne nel Quattrocento con l’anemometro di Alberti, successivamente perfezionato da Leonardo. Nel 1578 la ‘Anemographia’ di Danti pose le basi dell’anemometria moderna. Hooke, nel Seicento, introdusse l’anemometro a palette rotanti; nel Settecento comparvero strumenti registratori. L’anemometro a coppe di Robinson, del 1846, poi ottimizzato nel modello a tre coppe, dominò no all’avvento degli strumenti elettronici e degli odierni anemometri ultrasonici tridimensionali.
Gli strumenti di misura per l’anemometria: dalla torre dei venti agli anemometri ultrasonici
Matteo De Vincenzi
Primo
;Gianni FasanoSecondo
2026
Abstract
Since antiquity, humans have sought to “quantify” wind to understand its environmental and operational implications. Early solutions developed by the Babylonians and Greeks included polygonal compasses and weathervanes for estimating wind direction, while the Romans introduced portable anemoscopes. During the Middle Ages, weathervanes became widespread on bell towers. A conceptual advance occurred in the fteenth century with Alberti’s anemometer, later re ned by Leonardo da Vinci. In 1578, Danti’s ‘Anemographia established the foundations of modern anemometry. In the seventeenth century, Hooke introduced the rotating-blade anemometer; the eighteenth century saw the emergence of recording and pressure-based instruments. Robinson’s cup anemometer (1846), later optimized to a three-cup design, prevailed until the advent of electronic devices and today’s tridimensional ultrasonic anemometers.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


