Research Infrastructures and the Open Science Roadmap: European and Italian Strategies and Policies

This chapter examines the policy frameworks that shape Research Infrastructures (RIs) in Europe and Italy. It focuses on global and European actors—such as the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC)—and analyses their role in advancing Open Science initiatives. The chapter also explores the plans, programs, and policies aimed at strengthening Research Infrastructures, expanding their openness, and promoting their use not only within research communities but also among key stakeholders in the European and national research and innovation system, including enterprises, the third sector, policymakers, public administrations, and civil society. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the strategies, actions, and main initiatives funded under the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR—Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza), with particular attention to Mission 4—Component 2—From Research to Enterprise. In this context, it highlights interventions designed to reinforce RIs and to develop a federated national system of research infrastructures in the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). This strategy, implemented through the involvement of leading Italian universities and research institutions, aims to effectively and efficiently support the country’s scientific advancement and socio-economic development by translating European and national principles and strategies for Open Science and Open Innovation into practice.