A novel scientific approach to the conservation of archaeological copper alloy artefacts

A novel research approach focused on innovative materials and methods to assure the long-term stability of bronze archaeological artefacts during exhibition and storage is reported. The work deals with the application of advanced analytical techniques and development, characterisation and testing of materials and procedures for the conservation, protection and restoration of ancient Cu-based alloy artefacts. Our first aim was the selection of Cu-based alloy artefacts from different archaeological sites in Southern Italy with respect of chemical composition, metallurgical features and corrosion products. This step allowed the identification of the ancient alloys, the study of natural patinas and the identification of the involved degrading agents and mechanisms. Then the selection of long-term reliable, safe and environmentally friendly strategies for conservation was carried out. An original analytical approach based on the production of reference Cu-based alloys submitted to accelerated degradation tests war used to produce corroded samples for testing new materials with corrosion inhibiting properties.