Le politiche relative alle migrazioni qualificate

This paper presents a survey of the policies concerning the high skill immigrations in the countries that are more interested by this peculiar migration fluxes, and shortly examines how they are changing in the last three years (mainly in the USA). The increasing role of the human capital in the economic growth has actually pushed up the demand of skilled work in all the OECD countries. At the same time, the improved level of the tertiary formation in many intermediate development countries produces an increasing number of specialists that do not easily find an adequate job in their home countries and that are thus available for international mobility, searching for higher salaries and better job conditions. In the last fifteen years, the increasing demand for information and communication technologies specialists, as well as for doctors and nurses, in the labor market of USA, Canada, Australia, Japan and in many countries of the European Union brought these countries to incentivate the temporary and permanent immigration of these skilled migrants. However, the Twin Towers terrorist attack of 2001 has produced a change in the attitude concerning immigration in the USA. If the present, very restrictive, rules concerning the foreigners will last for long time in this country, we can expect a drastic change in the directions of the high skill migration fluxes