The use of caesium-137 (137CS) as a means of estimating rates of soil erosion and deposition is attracting increasing attention in many areas of theworld. However, one important uncertainty associated with the use of 137CS measurements is the need to employ a calibration relationship to convert the measured 137CS inventory to an estimate of the erosion rate. Existing calibration procedures are commonly subdivided into empirical relationships, based on independent measurements of soilloss, and theoretical models, that make use of existing relationship between erosion rate and the reduction in the 137Cs inventory relative to the local reference value. This paper reports the resuIts of a study aimed at validating the use of a simple proportional model to convert measurements of 137CS inventories on cultivated soils to estimatesof soiI erosion rates. It is based on a wide (31.6 km2) catchment located in Calabria, southem Italy, for which measurements of sediment output are available. To make possible a direct comparison between the estimate of the mean annual erosion rate within the catchment derived trom 137CS measurements and the measured sedirnent output, has been used a non-pararnetric approach, based on the resampling (bootstrap) technique, to estimate the mean based on the shorter 15 year periodo The first results showed that the mean annual sedirnent yield measured at the catchment outlet is less than the estimates of mean annual erosion rate for the catchment derived by the proportional model. Possible reasons of this overestimation are due to the simplicity of the approach associated to the proportional model and to the quality of measured data which could not be representative of the true value. A following analysis which accounted for the calculation of the particle size correction factor P allowed to improve the estimated value of sediment yield. Further studies are required to extend such validation to other environments, induding different calibration procedures.
Negli ultimi decenni il radionuclide cesio-137 (137CS) è stato utilizzato in diverse parti del mondo come tracciante per stimare la perdita di suolo dovuta all'erosione idrica. L'applicazione di questa tecnica richiede l'utilizzo di modelli di conversione capaci di trasformare i valori di 137CS in quantità di erosione netta. La presente memoria si pone l'obiettivo di verificare l'affidabilità del metodo proporzionale per la stima dell'erosione idrica nei terreni coltivati. L'applicazione è stata condotta in un bacino calabrese per il quale sono disponibili misure di produzione di sedimenti nella sezione di chiusura. Per rendere direttamente confrontabili i valori stimati mediante la tecnica delcesio ed i valori misurati, si è reso necessario il ricorso ad una tecnica diricampionamento statistico di tipo bootstrap. Da un primo confronto è emersa una netta sovrastima del valore di erosione netta fornito dal modello rispettoa quello di produzione di sedimenti misurato. Questa circostanza può essere spiegata sia da alcuni limiti di affidabilità del metodo proporzionale, dipendenti da una schematizzazione semplificata del fenomeno erosivo, sia dalle incertezze connesse con il dato misurato nella sezione di chiusura. Un successivo affinamento del modello di conversione consistente nella stima del coefficiente di arricchimento della frazione granulometrica fine ha consentito di migliorare i risultati della stima. Ulteriori conferme potrebbero ottenersi dall'applicazione della tecnica del 137CS in ambienti differenti, includendo anche differenti modelli di conversione.
Impiego della tecnica del Cesio -137 per la stima della produzione di sedimenti in un bacino sperimentale calabrese
CALLEGARI G.;PORTO P.
2005
Abstract
The use of caesium-137 (137CS) as a means of estimating rates of soil erosion and deposition is attracting increasing attention in many areas of theworld. However, one important uncertainty associated with the use of 137CS measurements is the need to employ a calibration relationship to convert the measured 137CS inventory to an estimate of the erosion rate. Existing calibration procedures are commonly subdivided into empirical relationships, based on independent measurements of soilloss, and theoretical models, that make use of existing relationship between erosion rate and the reduction in the 137Cs inventory relative to the local reference value. This paper reports the resuIts of a study aimed at validating the use of a simple proportional model to convert measurements of 137CS inventories on cultivated soils to estimatesof soiI erosion rates. It is based on a wide (31.6 km2) catchment located in Calabria, southem Italy, for which measurements of sediment output are available. To make possible a direct comparison between the estimate of the mean annual erosion rate within the catchment derived trom 137CS measurements and the measured sedirnent output, has been used a non-pararnetric approach, based on the resampling (bootstrap) technique, to estimate the mean based on the shorter 15 year periodo The first results showed that the mean annual sedirnent yield measured at the catchment outlet is less than the estimates of mean annual erosion rate for the catchment derived by the proportional model. Possible reasons of this overestimation are due to the simplicity of the approach associated to the proportional model and to the quality of measured data which could not be representative of the true value. A following analysis which accounted for the calculation of the particle size correction factor P allowed to improve the estimated value of sediment yield. Further studies are required to extend such validation to other environments, induding different calibration procedures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Impiego della tecnica del Cesio -137 per la stima della produzione di sedimenti in un bacino sperimentale calabrese
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