Hearing impairment is the most prevalent sensory handicap (1/1000 newborns) and the genetic factors are of major importance in more than 60% of all hearing loss. An important distinction is made between syndromic deafness and isolated deafness depending on the presence or not of associated manifestations from other organs. The knowledge about genetic deafness has increased dramatically in the last few years. In fact, several loci and genes for deafness of different types of monogenic inheritance have been identified. Because the GJB2 gene alone or together with the GJB6 gene is causative for many cases, the molecular screening for these two genes is very efficient in determining etiology in several hearing loss cases. Application of early screening tests in combination with genetic tests will facilitate early and specific diagnosis of hearing impairment and thereby improve audiological rehabilitation.
L'ipoacusia è una delle patologie più diffuse. Si stima infatti che circa 1 su 1000 nati presenta ipoacusia neurosensoriale congenita e che circa il 60% delle ipoacusie neurosensoriali possono attualmente essere attribuite a cause genetiche. Esse sono distinte in forme sindromiche e forme isolate. La conoscenza della genetica della sordità è aumentata notevolmente negli ultimi anni. Sono stati, infatti, già identificati numerosi loci e geni responsabili per sordità. A dispetto di tale variabilità fenotipica si è però osservato che il gene GJB2, da solo o in associazione con il gene GJB6, è responsabile di un elevato numero di casi, rendendo quindi lo screening molecolare per questi due geni uno strumento efficace per l'identificazione dell'etiologia in numerosi casi. Applicazioni di screening audiometrici precoci, in combinazione con test genetici possono così facilitare una diagnosi della sordità e migliorare la riabilitazione audiologica.
Forme ereditarie di ipoacusie neurosensoriali isolate e sindromiche nel bambino
2009
Abstract
Hearing impairment is the most prevalent sensory handicap (1/1000 newborns) and the genetic factors are of major importance in more than 60% of all hearing loss. An important distinction is made between syndromic deafness and isolated deafness depending on the presence or not of associated manifestations from other organs. The knowledge about genetic deafness has increased dramatically in the last few years. In fact, several loci and genes for deafness of different types of monogenic inheritance have been identified. Because the GJB2 gene alone or together with the GJB6 gene is causative for many cases, the molecular screening for these two genes is very efficient in determining etiology in several hearing loss cases. Application of early screening tests in combination with genetic tests will facilitate early and specific diagnosis of hearing impairment and thereby improve audiological rehabilitation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.