Overview of Toroidal and Poloidal Momentum Transport Studies in JET

This paper reports on the recent studies of toroidal and poloidal momentum transport in JET. The ratio of the global energy confinement time to the momentum confinement is found to be close to tE/tf=1 except for the low density discharges where the ratio is tE/tf=2-3. On the other hand, local transport analysis of tens of discharges shows that the ratio of the local effective momentum diffusivity to the ion heat diffusivity is cf/ci0 about 0.1-0.4 rather than unity, as expected from the global confinement times and used in ITER predictions. The apparent discrepancy in the global and local momentum versus ion heat transport is explained by the fact that momentum confinement within edge pedestal is worse than that of the ion heat and thus, momentum pedestal is weaker than that of ion temperature. Another observation is that while the Ti has a threshold in R/LTi and profiles are stiff, the gradient in vf increases with increasing torque and no threshold is found. Predictive transport simulations also confirm that cf/ci0 about 0.1-0.4 reproduce the core toroidal velocity profiles well. Concerning poloidal velocities on JET, the experimental measurements show that the carbon poloidal velocity can be an order of magnitude above the neo-classical estimate within the ITB. This significantly affects the calculated radial electric field and therefore, the E×B flow shear used for example in transport simulations. The Weiland model reproduces the onset, location and strength of the ITB well when the experimental poloidal rotation is used while it does not predict an ITB using the neo-classical poloidal velocity. The most plausible explanation for the generation of the anomalous poloidal velocity is the turbulence driven flow through the Reynold's stress. Both TRB and CUTIE turbulence codes show the existence of an anomalous poloidal velocity, being significantly larger than the neo-classical values. And similarly to experiments, the poloidal velocity profiles peak in the vicinity of the ITB and is caused by flow due to the Reynold's stress.