Le chitosane commercial est obtenu par modification chimique de la chitine, composé principal de l'exosquelette des crustacés. La chitine et le chitosane sont des copolymères linéaires composés d'unités N-acétylglucosamine et glucosamine. Ces biopolymères peuvent être également extraits à partir d'autres sources comme les biomasses fongiques. Dans ce chapitre, nous considérerons les méthodes d'extraction de la chitine et du chitosane à partir de biomasses. Les propriétés des produits dépendent du procédé d'extraction utilisé, de la source du matériau chitineux et des traitements chimiques. Les procédés d'extraction des biopolymères à partir de sources différentes (origines animale et fongique) ainsi que leur caractérisation seront discutés.
Commercial chitosan is obtained by chemical modification of chitin, the major component of the exoskeleton of crustacean shells. Both chitin and chitosan are linear copolymers of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. These biopolymers can be also extracted from other sources, i.e., fungal biomass. In this chapter, methods for chitin and chitosan extraction from biomass will be considered. The properties of obtained products depend on the process used, the source of the raw chitinous material, and its chemical treatment before processing. The processes of extraction from the different sources and the methods of characterization of chitin and chitosan are also discussed.
Extraction et caractérisation de la chitine et du chitosan obtenus à partir de biomasses.
E Galli;
2009
Abstract
Commercial chitosan is obtained by chemical modification of chitin, the major component of the exoskeleton of crustacean shells. Both chitin and chitosan are linear copolymers of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. These biopolymers can be also extracted from other sources, i.e., fungal biomass. In this chapter, methods for chitin and chitosan extraction from biomass will be considered. The properties of obtained products depend on the process used, the source of the raw chitinous material, and its chemical treatment before processing. The processes of extraction from the different sources and the methods of characterization of chitin and chitosan are also discussed.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.