La région de Sédhiou dans la Moyenne Casamance au sud du Se´ne´gal bénéficie de conditions pédoclimatiques et hydro-agricoles favorables et d'une longue tradition rizicole, surtout dans les bas-fonds. Depuis les années 1970, l'Etat sénégalais, confronte´ a` des contraintes environnementales et sociales croissantes, a mis en oeuvre avec ses partenaires de l'aide au développement une politique de sauvegarde, re´habilitation et aménagement des vallées casamançaises, surtout destine´e a` juguler le phe´nome`ne de salinisation des terres rizicoles. La riziculture de bas-fond demeure dans ces vallées une activité agricole de subsistance : les pratiques traditionnelles des agriculteurs, notamment des femmes, visent a` minimiser les risques écoclimatiques plus qu'a` maximiser la production. Les interventions propose´es et poursuivies au cours des années se sont heurte´es a` diverses difficultés qui ont limite´ leurs effets et n'ont pas permis d'en assurer la pérennité. L'étude a permis de caractériser les zones des bas-fonds de la région et d'identifier les principales contraintes endogènes et exogènes d'ordre technique, environnemental et socio-économique, qui affectent durablement la production rizicole locale. Elle a aussi permis de comprendre que les actions de réhabilitation et d'aménagement des bas-fonds ont privilégie´ les effets a` court terme sans traiter les difficultés des agriculteurs a` long terme. Cette approche a permis de maintenir la fonctionnalité des aménagements pendant les années de gestion des projets, mais n'a pas garanti leur durabilité sur le long terme. Pour la relance de la riziculture de bas-fonds dans la région, ce travail propose pour l'avenir de promouvoir des actions de renforcement non seulement lie´es a` la protection et a` la sécurisation des aménagements hydroagricoles, mais également adapte´es et intégrées aux stratégies et aux objectifs des agriculteurs et, donc, capables d'assurer la durabilité des interventions. Une de´marche ope´rationnelle est propose´e comme outil d'étude et d'aide a` la réalisation des interventions.
Lowland rice production in southern Senegal (Middle Casamance): challenges and prospects for sustaining their restoration and development. The region of Se´dhiou in the Middle Casamance in southern Senegal has favourable soil and climatic conditions and a long rice growing tradition, especially in the lowland areas. Since the 1970s, growing environmental and social constraints have led the government of Senegal, together with development aid agencies, to implement policies to preserve, restore and develop Casamance valleys, especially to halt the ongoing salinization of ricegrowing areas. Lowland rice growing remains a subsistence farming activity that uses traditional practices by which farmers, especially women, seek to reduce economic risks rather than intensify productivity. Actions implemented over the years have encountered obstacles of different kinds, and it is often not possible to consolidate expected outcomes. The study identifies lowland areas of the region and outlines the main internal and external constraints at technical, environmental and socio-economic levels that lastingly affect local rice production. Specifically, the study highlights the short-term valorisation strategy pursued by lowlands rehabilitation projects, which have not sought to solve farmers' problems in the long term. This approach has helped to maintain lowland farming during the project years, but has not ensured their long-term sustainability. This study, aimed at revitalizing lowland rice production in the region, underlines the need to promote support actions to protect agricultural lowland areas, consistent with farmers' strategies and objectives that will also break the vicious cycle threatening intervention sustainability. An operational approach is proposed as a tool for study and for support planning and implementation.
Lowland rice production in southern Senegal (Middle Casamance): challenges and prospects for sustaining their restoration and development; La riziculture de bas-fond au sud du Sénégal (Moyenne Casamance) : enjeux et perspectives pour la pérennisation des actions de réhabilitation et de mise en valeur
Manzelli M;Tarchiani V
2015
Abstract
Lowland rice production in southern Senegal (Middle Casamance): challenges and prospects for sustaining their restoration and development. The region of Se´dhiou in the Middle Casamance in southern Senegal has favourable soil and climatic conditions and a long rice growing tradition, especially in the lowland areas. Since the 1970s, growing environmental and social constraints have led the government of Senegal, together with development aid agencies, to implement policies to preserve, restore and develop Casamance valleys, especially to halt the ongoing salinization of ricegrowing areas. Lowland rice growing remains a subsistence farming activity that uses traditional practices by which farmers, especially women, seek to reduce economic risks rather than intensify productivity. Actions implemented over the years have encountered obstacles of different kinds, and it is often not possible to consolidate expected outcomes. The study identifies lowland areas of the region and outlines the main internal and external constraints at technical, environmental and socio-economic levels that lastingly affect local rice production. Specifically, the study highlights the short-term valorisation strategy pursued by lowlands rehabilitation projects, which have not sought to solve farmers' problems in the long term. This approach has helped to maintain lowland farming during the project years, but has not ensured their long-term sustainability. This study, aimed at revitalizing lowland rice production in the region, underlines the need to promote support actions to protect agricultural lowland areas, consistent with farmers' strategies and objectives that will also break the vicious cycle threatening intervention sustainability. An operational approach is proposed as a tool for study and for support planning and implementation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.