Previous studies have shown that increased carbon dioxide concentrations upon heat up affects the products of coal pyrolysis and in particular that chars prepared under carbon dioxide rich atmospheres are less reactive than chars prepared in nitrogen, and consistently tars are more aromatic [1-4]. In the present work, this issue is investigated with reference to a biomass sample, namely walnut shells (WS), where the lignin component prevails over cellulose and hemicellulose. Preliminary experiments of thermal degradation have been carried out using a thermogravimetric (TG) apparatus, under constant heating rate conditions, in flows of either nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves reveal the existence of multiple peaks, which are typically associated with the degradation of different lignocellulosic components. A multiple parallel reaction scheme has therefore been used to fit the experimental data and kinetic parameters have been obtained. Walnut shells were also pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at 600 °C in either nitrogen or carbon dioxide so as to collect pyrolysis products in amounts sufficient for further analysis. Char and tar samples have been characterized using different techniques (e.g. GC-MS, elemental analyzer, TGA, SEM) revealing limited differences. Combustion rate of the chars has been measured by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments in air and again small differences have been observed between the samples prepared under carbon dioxide and nitrogen. It has been concluded that under the low heating rate conditions typical of the thermogravimetric apparatus and fixed bed reactor used in the work, the effect of carbon dioxide on liquid and solid products of biomass pyrolysis exist, but are less important than for coal. The work is complemented by a companion paper [5], which investigates the effect of carbon dioxide on biomass pyrolysis under high temperature and fast heating rate conditions typical of a drop tube reactor.
SLOW PYROLYSIS OF WALNUT SHELLS IN NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
O Senneca;F Cerciello;P Ammendola
2017
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that increased carbon dioxide concentrations upon heat up affects the products of coal pyrolysis and in particular that chars prepared under carbon dioxide rich atmospheres are less reactive than chars prepared in nitrogen, and consistently tars are more aromatic [1-4]. In the present work, this issue is investigated with reference to a biomass sample, namely walnut shells (WS), where the lignin component prevails over cellulose and hemicellulose. Preliminary experiments of thermal degradation have been carried out using a thermogravimetric (TG) apparatus, under constant heating rate conditions, in flows of either nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves reveal the existence of multiple peaks, which are typically associated with the degradation of different lignocellulosic components. A multiple parallel reaction scheme has therefore been used to fit the experimental data and kinetic parameters have been obtained. Walnut shells were also pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at 600 °C in either nitrogen or carbon dioxide so as to collect pyrolysis products in amounts sufficient for further analysis. Char and tar samples have been characterized using different techniques (e.g. GC-MS, elemental analyzer, TGA, SEM) revealing limited differences. Combustion rate of the chars has been measured by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments in air and again small differences have been observed between the samples prepared under carbon dioxide and nitrogen. It has been concluded that under the low heating rate conditions typical of the thermogravimetric apparatus and fixed bed reactor used in the work, the effect of carbon dioxide on liquid and solid products of biomass pyrolysis exist, but are less important than for coal. The work is complemented by a companion paper [5], which investigates the effect of carbon dioxide on biomass pyrolysis under high temperature and fast heating rate conditions typical of a drop tube reactor.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
