Biohybrid Membrane Systems as Reliable Tools in Neuroscience

Within the scenario of neuronal tissue engineering membrane-based strategies pursued the realization of sophisticated devices by recapitulating an in-vivo like environment in which cells could restore their complex architecture. The reconstruction of a functional neuronal construct, is mainly influenced by the intrinsic membrane properties which can be tuned to better simulate the tissue district of interest. Polymeric membranes act as instructive biomaterials, where key elements as the structural, physico-chemical, mechanical and selective transport properties, are able to drive neurite outgrowth favouring branching and network connectivity. Thanks to the satisfaction of this fundamental issues, membranes are able to promote the in vitro creation of neuronal functional analogues allowing cutting edge investigation in neuroscience [1]. The overall strategy relies on the design and development of microporous polymeric membranes, where the synergistic combination of peculiar membrane features (geometry, configuration) and a constantly perfused cell surrounding, by means of a bioreactor,r give rise to a permissive and balanced microenvironment within which both tissue reconstruction and cell behavior control take place. Indeed, the selective permeability of the membranes and the optimized fluid dynamic conditions created by the membrane bioreactor provide a 3D low-shear stress environment fully controlled at molecular level with enhanced diffusion of nutrients and waste removal, that successfully boost neuronal-like tissue formation. This kind of membrane platform represents reliable in vitro tools which can be used for a two-pronged approach in order to study brain-related issues in normal and pathological states. A membrane device has been used to test the capacity of neuronal cells to react to topographical stimuli by directing their orientation and polarization according to a definite path. Their use as modelling disease platform represents another proficient application of the in vitro membrane systems: by mimicking the disease development it was possible to gain new insights on neural differentiation, neuroprotection and reinnervation processes mediated by different natural molecules in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation [2]. On the basis of this considerations it will be highlighted the multifunctional role of biohybrid membrane systems in neuronal tissue engineering as versatile in vitro platforms.