Expanding the Use of Peroxygenase from Oat Flour in Organic Synthesis: Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfides

Biocatalyzed oxidations are an important target in sustainable synthesis since chemicaloxidations often require harsh conditions and metal-based catalysts. A raw peroxygenase-containingenzymatic preparation from oat flour was tested as a biocatalyst for the enantioselective oxidation ofsulfides to sulfoxides and the variations of some reaction parameters were evaluated. Under optimalconditions, thioanisole was fully converted into the corresponding (R)-sulfoxide with high opticalpurity (80% ee) and the same stereopreference was maintained in the oxidation of some other sulfides.Changes in the substituent on the sulfur atom affected the selectivity of the enzyme and the bestresults were obtained with phenyl methoxymethyl sulfide, which gave the corresponding sulfoxidein 92% ee as exclusive product. The over-oxidation of sulfides to sulfones was instead detected inall the other cases and preferential oxidation of the (S)-enantiomer of the sulfoxide intermediatewas observed, albeit with low selectivity. Carrying out the oxidation of thioanisole up to the 29%formation of sulfone led to enhancement of the sulfoxide optical purity (89% ee). The activity insulfoxidation reactions, in addition to that reported in the epoxidation of different substrates, makesthis plant peroxygenase a promising and useful tool in organic synthesis.