Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss andCO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. Theconductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (thenumber, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in responseto environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty arelinked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediatedby physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These diferences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density--[CO2] relationship between species infuence theefcacy of the 'stomatal method' that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed.Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the 'overallpicture' as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Considerationof the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history,plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efcient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.
Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops
Haworth M;Marino G;Loreto F;Centritto M
2021
Abstract
Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss andCO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. Theconductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (thenumber, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in responseto environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty arelinked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediatedby physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These diferences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density--[CO2] relationship between species infuence theefcacy of the 'stomatal method' that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed.Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the 'overallpicture' as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Considerationof the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history,plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efcient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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