Sub-word orthographic processing and semantic activation as revealed by ERPs

The present study investigated ERP signatures of processing sub-word orthography, that is, shorter words embedded within longer words, in a non-priming task that pushes for semantics. Participants performed a semantic categorisation task on pseudosuffixed and nonsuffixed words, like corner and peace, that contained embedded words (corn, pea) either congruent or not with the probe category (e.g. FOOD vs. ANIMAL). While the task required semantic activation of the whole-word, sub-word orthography and semantics were activated. Results indicate stronger negativity from as early as ∼230 ms after word onset when the embedded word did not fit the category, but only for pseudosuffixed words. The observed neural dynamics point to rapid extraction of sub-word orthography and prompt activation of meaning thereupon. We discuss the results with respect to literature on morphological processing, context-dependency of the mechanisms, and interpretations of the N250 and N400 components.8