The Scalar Arrangements of Three European Public Health Systems Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparing France, Germany, and Italy

This article examines the social coordination of the French, German, and Italian healthcare systems facing the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on two sets of issues. The article examines policy discourses and crisis management measures taken by these governments. Specifically focusing on the concept of solidarity expressed by government leaders when the initial lockdowns were put in place and legal measures and governance structures drawn on in managing the crisis. Then, the article focuses on two key operational elements in the fight against the pandemic: introduction of test strategies and provision of intensive care beds. Both require the deployment of a specific concept of solidarity or a deceptive version of the concept as well as coordination of key actors. The results of the comparison lead to conclusions regarding more general changes in European welfare states.